The analysis is based on the incidence of personnel cost on total production costs, a relevant parameter for assessing the economic sustainability of local public transport companies. The sample considered includes 39 Italian companies, divided into three clusters based on 2023 turnover. The indicator, which averages 50.2 percent in 2023, shows variations related to organizational choices, contractual policies and different cost dynamics over time.

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The companies covered by the 2nd analysis cluster, were selected through 2023 turnover with values between or between 94 and 53 million euros. For each of them, the incidence of personnel costs on total production costs was calculated, observing the values of 2014, 2023, the average of the period 2014-2023, and the percentage change between 2023 and 2014.

In 2023, the average incidence of personnel cost for Cluster 2 stands at 51.8 percent, with a median of 51 percent. Compared to 2014 (median 54.7 percent), there is an average decrease of 5.3 percentage points, while the median drops by 6.5 points. The figure suggests a general downward trend in the incidence of personnel cost on this segment of operators.

The company with the highest incidence in 2023 is AMAT S.p.A. (Palermo) with 61.8 percent, followed by AZIENDA TRASPORTI MESSINA s.p.a with 61.5 percent and AMTS s.p.a with 59.5 percent. At the opposite extreme are START ROMAGNA s.p.a with 43.9 percent and BUS COMPANY with 43.6 percent.

The greater stability in the incidence of personnel costs in Cluster 1 may depend on a more consolidated and less flexible corporate structure, with less organizational variation over time. In contrast, companies in Cluster 2, which are smaller, may have implemented reorganizations, outsourcing, or efficiency-building processes that led to a more pronounced reduction in the weight of personnel in total costs.

Note: The incidence of personnel costs was calculated on production costs, which include: personnel costs, costs for consumable raw materials, operating expenses, use of third-party assets, depreciation and other costs.

Also read more on Cluster 1