The analysis is based on the incidence of personnel cost on total production costs, a relevant parameter for assessing the economic sustainability of local public transport companies. The sample considered includes 39 Italian companies, divided into three clusters based on 2023 turnover. The indicator, which averages 50.2 percent in 2023, shows variations related to organizational choices, contractual policies and different cost dynamics over time.
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For each company in the cluster, the percentage incidence of personnel costs to total production costs for the years 2014 and 2023, the average for the period 2014-2023, and the percentage change between the 2023 figure and the 2014 figure are shown. The data are expressed in percentage form and sorted according to the 2023 incidence value, in descending order.
The first cluster, below, includes the top 15 Italian LPT companies with the highest turnover, between 980 and 95 million euros.
Personnel costs represent a significant component in the budgets of local public transport companies, generally ranging between 40 percent and 60 percent of total production costs. This value is influenced by various factors, including the organizational model, contractual policies and operational specifics of each company.
The incidence of personnel cost on total production costs expresses the ratio of personnel cost to total business costs. A high value indicates a greater weight of personnel costs relative to other costs, while a reduction in this incidence suggests an increase in other costs or an improvement in management efficiency.
In 2023, this indicator averages 48.7%, with values ranging from 59.6% for AMT S.p.A. (Genoa) to 40.4% for Arriva Italia S.r.l.
In comparison with 2014, the average change is -2.0%, while the median remains stable at 50.5%. Some companies show values in line with their history (such as COTRAL or TPER, both around 45 percent), while others show more marked differences.
ATAC S.p.A. (Rome), for example, records an increase in incidence from 44.8 percent to 51.7 percent, while Arriva Italia S.r.l. shows a decrease from 53.0 percent to 40.4 percent. Autolinee Toscane and Busitalia - Sita Nord also show negative changes compared to 2014, while TUA S.p.A. is among those with an increasing incidence.
The incidence of personnel cost is thus a key indicator for assessing the economic sustainability of local public transport companies, reflecting both cost dynamics and management policies adopted over time.
Notes: Personnel costs were calculated as a percentage of production costs, which include: personnel costs, cost of raw materials for consumption, operating expenses, use of third-party assets, depreciation and other costs.
